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18 pages, 822 KB

Open AccessArticle

From Scroll to Store: How Short-Form Video Drives Foot Traffic in Destination Retail

by Kelcie Slaton and Harold Lee

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2025, 20(4), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20040335 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Short-form video platforms such as TikTok, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts have become influential social commerce and interactive marketing tools, shaping consumer attitudes and behaviors beyond the digital environment. This study examines how short-form video content affects consumers’ intention to visit destination retail [...] Read more.

Short-form video platforms such as TikTok, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts have become influential social commerce and interactive marketing tools, shaping consumer attitudes and behaviors beyond the digital environment. This study examines how short-form video content affects consumers’ intention to visit destination retail stores by integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with the constructs of perceived usefulness, curiosity, and envy. Data from 423 Gen Z and Millennial consumers were collected through an online survey and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that perceived usefulness, curiosity, and envy significantly influence attitudes toward short-form video content, which subsequently drive intentions to visit destination retailers. Social influence also emerged as a stronger predictor of behavioral intention than practical barriers such as cost or accessibility, underscoring the importance of peer validation in motivating digital-to-physical consumer behavior. This study advances electronic commerce research by extending TPB to short-form video marketing and identifying key emotional and cognitive triggers that facilitate consumer engagement. Practically, the results highlight strategies for retailers to develop video campaigns that spark curiosity, evoke aspirational emotions, and leverage social endorsement. More broadly, the study demonstrates how short-form video platforms operate as interactive ecosystems that merge emotional engagement, social validation, and technological affordances to shape hybrid consumer journeys from digital exposure to in-store action. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Innovations in New Media: Shaping the Future of Interactive Marketing)

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20 pages, 11282 KB

Open AccessArticle

Electrical, Thermal, Flexural, and EMI-Shielding Properties of Epoxy-Based Polymer Composites Reinforced with RGO/AgRGO Spray-Coated Carbon Fibers

by Hülya Kaftelen Odabaşı

Coatings 2025, 15(12), 1404; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15121404 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

In this study, 8-ply 3K carbon fiber fabrics were spray-coated with Ag/RGO nanoparticles at varying weight ratios (0, 2.5, and 5 w/w). Composite specimens were fabricated, consisting of an unmodified control sample (neat) and three different variants containing 0.075 w [...] Read more.

In this study, 8-ply 3K carbon fiber fabrics were spray-coated with Ag/RGO nanoparticles at varying weight ratios (0, 2.5, and 5 w/w). Composite specimens were fabricated, consisting of an unmodified control sample (neat) and three different variants containing 0.075 w/w% RGO, 0.26 w/w% AgRGO, and 0.45 w/w% AgRGO, respectively. The effects of RGO and AgRGO contents on the electrical conductivity, flexural properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) performance of these composites were investigated. Additionally, the distribution of RGO and AgRGO on the surfaces and interfaces of carbon fibers was examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy to determine the microstructure–property relationship. The increase in the Ag ratio in the AgRGO filler material in the composite from 2.5 to 5 resulted in an increase in both the through-the-thickness and surface conductivity values by 3.5 times, reaching maximum conductivity values (273 × 10⁻³ S/m and 256 × 10⁻³ S/m, respectively). Composites containing filler material with an Ag/RGO weight ratio of 2.5 achieved a total electromagnetic shielding efficiency of 18 dB at the X-band frequency region, without loss in flexural strength, while the maximum total electromagnetic shielding efficiency value of 22.68 dB was obtained when the Ag/RGO weight ratio was 5. With a maximum SE_T value these composites might be suitable for use in areas that do not require primary load-bearing applications, such as satellite, antenna, and avionics system housings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic and Polymeric Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)

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15 pages, 1746 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multivariate Quantitative Prediction of Soluble Solids Content, Moisture Content, and Fruit Firmness in ‘Dinosaur Egg’ Apricot Plum via Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Cross-Parameter Feature Fusion and SHapley Additive exPlanations-Based Optimization

by Yunhai Wang, Zhaoshuai Zhu, Wulan Mao, Kuanbo Cui, Liling Yang, Lina Sun, Wenjie Ma, Wenqiang Ma and Binbin Xiang

Foods 2025, 14(23), 4118; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14234118 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

To meet market demand for fresh ‘Dinosaur Egg’ Apricot plum and realize effective quality classification, this study developed a non-destructive quality evaluation method using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with cross-parameter feature fusion. Spectral data were preprocessed, and key bands were screened via Competitive Adaptive [...] Read more.

To meet market demand for fresh ‘Dinosaur Egg’ Apricot plum and realize effective quality classification, this study developed a non-destructive quality evaluation method using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with cross-parameter feature fusion. Spectral data were preprocessed, and key bands were screened via Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA). Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) models for soluble solids content (SSC), moisture content (MC), and fruit firmness (FF) were established. Chemical index features were fused with FF-related preliminary features, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) optimized feature contribution. Final models showed high performance: SSC (

R_{c}^{2}

= 0.9354,

R_{p}^{2}

= 0.9302,

R M S E

= 0.5212° Brix), MC (

R_{c}^{2}

= 0.9367,

R_{p}^{2}

= 0.9314,

R M S E

= 5.037 × 10⁻⁵), and FF (

R_{c}^{2}

= 0.8151,

R_{p}^{2}

= 0.7986,

R M S E

= 1.2710 N). This strategy improved the multi-quality detection accuracy, especially for FF, and provides technical support for intelligent fruit grading. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies and Applications for Processing, Preservation, Quality Monitoring, and Computational Modeling of Agri-Food Products)

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19 pages, 2539 KB

Open AccessArticle

Resource Monitoring and Heat Recovery in a Wastewater Treatment Plant: Industrial Decarbonisation of the Food and Beverage Processing Sector

by Brian Considine, Paul Coughlan, Madhu K. Murali, Laurence Gill, Lena Moher, Lucas Novakowski and Aonghus McNabola

Water 2025, 17(23), 3419; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17233419 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

To achieve net-zero targets globally, industrial decarbonisation is a major priority. This paper examines lost energy resources in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the deployment of novel wastewater heat recovery (WWHR) technology in the food and beverage processing industry. Four industrial WWTPs [...] Read more.

To achieve net-zero targets globally, industrial decarbonisation is a major priority. This paper examines lost energy resources in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the deployment of novel wastewater heat recovery (WWHR) technology in the food and beverage processing industry. Four industrial WWTPs were monitored in Ireland to quantify the available embedded energy. Post monitoring, WWHR technology was developed to be integrated within existing infrastructure without compromising the primary function, and evaluated in real operating conditions. On average, 1.11–2.55 GWh/a of embedded energy was measured within the wastewater. The direct WWHR pilot plant resulted in a projected recovery rate of 10.89 MWh/a, leading to substantial economic savings and emission reductions. Incorporating a water-to-water heat pump incurred energy savings of 13.5 MWh/a. Nationally, the energy recovery potential was assessed to be 82.1 GWh/a in Ireland and 476.9 GWh/a in the UK. A large proportion of the energy embedded in this wastewater remains to be recovered and, based on the monitoring campaign, could amount to 118.5 TWh/a and 20.4 TWh/a for the UK and Ireland, respectively. WWHR could serve a prominent role in increasing operational energy efficiency of manufacturing processes by enacting energy, economic and emission savings, thus leading to industrial decarbonisation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Use Assessment and Management in Wastewater Systems)

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20 pages, 312 KB

Open AccessArticle

Addressing Sexual Violence Against Persons with Disabilities in Belgium

by Elizaveta Fomenko, Lotte De Schrijver, Anne Nobels and Ines Keygnaert

Healthcare 2025, 13(23), 3125; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13233125 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study examined the specific vulnerabilities and experiences of persons with disabilities (PwDs) regarding sexual violence (SV) in Belgium. Methods: Data were drawn from the nationally representative UN-MENAMAIS survey (n = 4944), which included adults aged 16–99 years. SV was [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: This study examined the specific vulnerabilities and experiences of persons with disabilities (PwDs) regarding sexual violence (SV) in Belgium. Methods: Data were drawn from the nationally representative UN-MENAMAIS survey (n = 4944), which included adults aged 16–99 years. SV was assessed using behaviourally specific questions based on validated international instruments. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between SV, disability status, sociodemographic, and mental health indicators. Results: PwDs reported a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of hands-on SV (37.8%) compared with those without disabilities (29.4%; p < 0.001, V = 0.065). PwDs also reported lower quality of life (p < 0.001, V = 0.273), and higher rates of depression (p < 0.001, V = 0.214), anxiety (p < 0.001, V = 0.145), PTSD (p < 0.001, V = 0.101), sedative use (p < 0.001, V = 0.237), and suicide attempts (p < 0.001, V = 0.124), though they reported less hazardous alcohol use (p < 0.001, V = 0.103) and cannabis use (p < 0.001, V = 0.080). Regression analyses showed that individuals assigned female at birth (p < 0.001) and those identifying as LGB+ (p < 0.001) were at a higher risk of both hands-off and hands-on SV. Among mental health correlates, depression, anxiety, PTSD, substance use, self-harm, and suicide attempts were significantly (all p < 0.001) associated with increased odds of SV. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for targeted, inclusive prevention and support strategies addressing structural inequalities, ableism, and barriers to care to effectively prevent SV and revictimization among PwDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Health Disparities in the Global Population)

19 pages, 4593 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Tensile Stress Annealing on the Texture, Grain Size, and Magnetic Properties of Ultra-Thin Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel

by Chengzhou Niu, Ning Zhang, Yang Tu, Li Meng and Yong Yang

Materials 2025, 18(23), 5416; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235416 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study systematically investigated the influence of annealing tension on the microstructure, texture, and magnetic properties of ultra-thin grain-oriented silicon steel, which is of great significance for achieving the preparation of high-quality ultra-thin grain-oriented silicon steel. The research indicates that tension primarily affects [...] Read more.

This study systematically investigated the influence of annealing tension on the microstructure, texture, and magnetic properties of ultra-thin grain-oriented silicon steel, which is of great significance for achieving the preparation of high-quality ultra-thin grain-oriented silicon steel. The research indicates that tension primarily affects the magnetic properties by influencing the intensity of the η-fiber texture (<001>//RD) and the grain size during the annealing process, exhibiting a consistent trend across different annealing temperatures. That is, the proportion of η-oriented grains (or the intensity of the η-fiber texture) first decreased and then increased with increasing tension. Correspondingly, the magnetic induction (B₈₀₀) decreased initially and then increased with the rise in annealing tension. Specifically, when annealed at 800 °C for 30 min, B₈₀₀ decreased to 1.79 T under 24 MPa tension and then recovered to 1.86 T under 40 MPa tension. When annealed at 775 °C for 30 min, B₈₀₀ decreased to 1.81 T under 24 MPa tension and subsequently recovered to 1.88 T under 40 MPa tension. In terms of grain size, the annealing tension promoted an increase in the average grain size. The synergistic effect of microstructure and texture led to a trend where the iron loss value (P_1.5/400) of the ultra-thin strip under tension first increased and then decreased: when annealed at 800 °C for 30 min, the iron loss initially increased to 14.68 W/kg and then decreased with increasing tension; similarly, when annealed at 775 °C for 30 min, the iron loss first increased to 18.81 W/kg and then decreased with increasing tension. The evolution of the microstructure and texture is determined by the competition between the nucleation and growth of η-oriented grains and other grains during recrystallization: in the nucleation stage, the annealing tension reduced the strong advantage of η-oriented grains to some extent; however, it is speculated that η-oriented grains possess an advantage during the grain growth stage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Metals and Alloys)

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5 pages, 160 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Fractal and Fractional in Construction Materials

by Lei Wang and Shengwen Tang

Fractal Fract. 2025, 9(12), 785; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9120785 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Construction materials [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fractal and Fractional in Construction Materials)

20 pages, 1787 KB

Open AccessReview

Data-Driven Modeling of Demand-Responsive Transit: Evaluating Sustainability Across Urban, Rural, and Intercity Scenarios

by Yunxi Zhang, Linjie Gao, Xu Zhao and Anning Ni

Systems 2025, 13(12), 1080; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13121080 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Demand-responsive transit (DRT) is an innovative public transportation model that dynamically adjusts routes based on passengers’ specific demands. While existing studies offer insights into routing, scheduling, and network design, they remain fragmented, with limited integration of user behavior, policy relevance, and sustainability. To [...] Read more.

Demand-responsive transit (DRT) is an innovative public transportation model that dynamically adjusts routes based on passengers’ specific demands. While existing studies offer insights into routing, scheduling, and network design, they remain fragmented, with limited integration of user behavior, policy relevance, and sustainability. To address these gaps, this paper develops a scenario-based evaluation framework that synthesizes bibliometric evidence, operational conditions, modeling approaches, and evaluated outcomes. Using CiteSpace, we conducted keyword co-occurrence and clustering analysis. Thematic clusters such as “routing and scheduling,” “network design,” “stated preference,” “public transport,” and “demand-responsive transit” were mapped to a three-tier analytical structure. Scenarios integrate economic, environmental, and social dimensions, enabling comparative insights across urban, rural, and intercity scenarios. The scenario-based approach offers two key advantages: (1) it captures heterogeneity across operational environments, ensuring that evaluation frameworks are not overly generalized. Research shows that urban scenarios emphasize scheduling precision, rural pilots face cost-efficiency but enhance resilience, and intercity services depend on multimodal synchronization. (2) It facilitates synthesis by linking technical models with real-world outcomes, enhancing policy relevance. This study contributes to sustainable transport research by providing a coherent, empirically validated, and conceptually integrated framework for evaluating DRT systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Modeling of Sustainable Transportation Systems in Supply Chains)

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23 pages, 5315 KB

Open AccessArticle

Results of a Comprehensive Study on Atmospheric Pollution at the Tankhoi Observation Point (Southeastern Coast of Lake Baikal, Russia): Temporal Variability and Identification of Sources

by Yelena Molozhnikova, Maxim Shikhovtsev and Tamara Khodzher

Environments 2025, 12(12), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12120462 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study is based on data obtained as part of continuous monitoring of small gas impurities (SO₂, NO₂, NO), mass concentration of aerosol particles PM_2.5 and meteorological parameters, which was first implemented at the Tankhoi observation point (southeastern [...] Read more.

This study is based on data obtained as part of continuous monitoring of small gas impurities (SO₂, NO₂, NO), mass concentration of aerosol particles PM_2.5 and meteorological parameters, which was first implemented at the Tankhoi observation point (southeastern coast of Lake Baikal, Russia) from October 2023 to May 2025. Statistical methods and the non-parametric wind regression receptor model (NWR) were used to analyze temporal variability and identify sources of pollution. It was found that the concentrations of gas impurities have a clearly pronounced winter maximum: the median values for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen in winter reached 9.2 μg/m³ and 13.8 μg/m³, respectively, which is associated with emissions from coal-fired thermal power plants and unfavorable meteorological conditions (inversions, low boundary layer height). In contrast to gases, PM_2.5 demonstrated a summer peak up to 43.5 μg/m³ in July–August 2024 due to abnormally hot weather and forest fires. The daily course of sulfur dioxide was characterized by an atypical daily maximum caused by the convective transport of polluted air masses from the upper layers of the boundary layer. During this period, higher concentrations of sulfur dioxide caused by long-range high-altitude transport of emissions from regional thermal power plants can reach the ground surface, leading to an increase in their concentration in the near-surface layer. Using the NWR model, the influence of regional thermal power plants located 100–150 km northwest of the station on the levels of SO₂ and NO₂ was confirmed. The results also highlight the contribution of local sources, such as vehicles, stoves, and shipping, to the formation of NO and PM_2.5. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambient Air Pollution, Built Environment, and Public Health)

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26 pages, 2722 KB

Open AccessArticle

Fish Oil Present in High-Fat Diet, Unlike Other Fats, Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Activates Autophagy in Murine Adipose Tissue

by Karolina Ciesielska, Jacek Wilczak, Adam Prostek, Piotr Karpiński, Rafał Sapierzyński, Alicja Majewska, Żaneta Dzięgelewska-Sokołowska and Małgorzata Gajewska

Nutrients 2025, 17(23), 3776; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17233776 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Increased fat intake and high content of saturated fatty acids in the diet are associated with higher body weight and an increased risk of obesity. This study aimed to determine the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on white adipose tissue (WAT) [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Increased fat intake and high content of saturated fatty acids in the diet are associated with higher body weight and an increased risk of obesity. This study aimed to determine the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism and to verify whether this effect depends on the sources of lipids in HFD. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice, 7 weeks old, received a control (Ctrl.) or high-fat diet (HFD) with 10% and 45% energy from fat, respectively, for 15 weeks. Lard was used as the main dietary fat in the HFD group. Next, the HFD group was subdivided into HFD-L, HFD-CO, HFD-OO and HFD-FO groups differing in the lipid sources (lard, coconut oil, olive oil, fish oil, respectively). The experiment was continued for 12 consecutive weeks. The study analyzed the concentration of different fatty acids in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (ScAT) adipose tissue; the levels of autophagy markers: beclin1, Atg5, LC3, p62, AMPK; ER stress markers: phos-PERK, CHOP, XBP-1 and oxidative stress parameters: TAS and TBARS in VAT and ScAT. Results: Mice in all HFD groups showed increased body mass and adipose tissue hypertrophy. Blood glucose concentration remained elevated in the HFD-L group but normalized in other HFD groups by the end of the dietary intervention. Fatty acid content in VAT and ScAT reflected the dietary sources in HFD. The HFD-L, HFD-CO, HFD-OO groups showed increased beclin1, ATG5, and p62 levels in VAT but the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio was similar to the control, suggesting impaired autophagic flux. In the HFD-FO group, the LC-II/LC-I ratio was elevated, along with decreased p62 levels, indicating active autophagic degradation. Changes in autophagy activity were insignificant in ScAT. ER stress markers were also mostly unaffected by HFD in both adipose tissue depots. TAS and TBARS values in VAT and ScAT were similar in the HFD-L and HFD-CO groups, and the HFD-OO group showed increased TAS and decreased TBARS, while the HFD-FO reduced TBARS. Conclusions: Antioxidant capacity and autophagy activity in WAT depended on fat content and lipid source, especially in the visceral depot. Fish oil induced changes in cellular metabolism, especially in VAT, diminishing the detrimental effects of HFD. Full article

13 pages, 1222 KB

Open AccessArticle

The ReSpool Fiber Research (RFR) Model: A Protocol for the Evaluation of Mechanically Recycled Textile Materials Towards “Second Life” Product Applications

by Kelly Cobb, Huantian Cao, Michelle Yatvitskiy, Kendall Ludwig and Sophia Gupman

Sustainability 2025, 17(23), 10753; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172310753 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Textile recycling promotes a circular economy, a system seeking to minimize waste and maximize the value of textiles by reusing them. Currently, mechanical recycling produces short, weak, and low-quality fibers that diminish the value of the textiles, resulting in downcycled products and loss [...] Read more.

Textile recycling promotes a circular economy, a system seeking to minimize waste and maximize the value of textiles by reusing them. Currently, mechanical recycling produces short, weak, and low-quality fibers that diminish the value of the textiles, resulting in downcycled products and loss of value. The Respool Fiber Research (RFR) model was developed from an examination of current practices, relevant literature, and apparel design and material selection models. Demonstrating the capabilities of mechanically recycled textiles in material development, the RFR model is intended for educators, research laboratories and design studios, product developers, and designers. The RFR model ventures beyond current models of textile recycling through its fiber-oriented approach to material development. To demonstrate the application of the RFR model as part of the development process, mechanically recycled cotton fibers and polyester fibers were used to develop yarns and nonwoven fabrics. The application of the RFR model demonstrated that the RFR model is valuable for selecting which recycled fibers are appropriate for different types of products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathway to an Environmental Economy: The Role of Sustainable Natural Resources)

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14 pages, 7287 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

The Conversion of Syngas to Long-Chain α-Olefins over Rh-Promoted CoMnO_x Catalyst

by Yuting Dai, Xuemin Cao, Fei Qian, Xia Li, Li Zhang, Peng He, Zhi Cao and Chang Song

Catalysts 2025, 15(12), 1122; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15121122 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

The direct synthesis of long-chain α-olefins from syngas offers a strategically vital pathway for producing high-value chemicals from alternative carbon resources. However, achieving high selectivity toward C₅₊ olefins remains challenging due to competing paraffin formation and difficulties in precisely regulating chain growth [...] Read more.

The direct synthesis of long-chain α-olefins from syngas offers a strategically vital pathway for producing high-value chemicals from alternative carbon resources. However, achieving high selectivity toward C₅₊ olefins remains challenging due to competing paraffin formation and difficulties in precisely regulating chain growth kinetics. To mitigate these critical challenges, a series of Rh-promoted Co-Mn catalysts supported on SiO₂ were synthesized using a carbon-mediated impregnation strategy for the direct conversion of syngas to long-chain α-olefins (C₅₊). The introduction of Rh significantly enhanced both catalytic activity and C₅₊ olefin selectivity. The optimal 1.1 wt% Rh-loaded catalyst achieved 24.6% CO conversion and 46.0% total olefin selectivity, with 34.2% of the selectivity toward C₅₊ olefins, while maintaining low CH₄ (6.2%) and CO₂ (<1%) selectivity. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including XRD, H₂-TPR, XPS, and TEM/HAADF-STEM, revealed that the carbon-mediated method facilitated the formation of highly dispersed Co₃O₄ nanoparticles with abundant oxygen vacancies and strengthened the Co-MnO_x interface. Rh promotion modulated the cobalt speciation (Co⁰/Co²⁺), improved reducibility, and enhanced the metal-support interaction. This promoted chain growth and olefin desorption while suppressing over-hydrogenation. This study demonstrates the efficacy of Rh promotion and carbon mediation in designing high-performance Fischer-Tropsch catalysts for selective α-olefin synthesis, offering new insights into the design of efficient metal-oxide interfacial catalysts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in "Industrial Catalysis" Section, 2nd Edition)

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Graphical abstract

22 pages, 2698 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes for Intraoral (Palatal and Tuberosity) Soft Tissue Grafts in Root Coverage Procedures: A Systematic Review

by Suha Alyawar, Fatima Al Zahra, Eman Aljoghaiman, Faisal E. Aljofi, Adel S. Alagl and Marwa Madi

Dent. J. 2025, 13(12), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13120563 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: To systematically compare the clinical and patient-reported outcomes of soft tissue grafts harvested from the palate and tuberosity, in root coverage surgeries. The primary outcomes assessed were graft dimension, tissue thickness, and postoperative discomfort. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: To systematically compare the clinical and patient-reported outcomes of soft tissue grafts harvested from the palate and tuberosity, in root coverage surgeries. The primary outcomes assessed were graft dimension, tissue thickness, and postoperative discomfort. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, OVID Medline, and Scopus databases, covering studies published till December 2023. Eligible studies included clinical studies and clinical trials involving medically fit adults who underwent intraoral soft tissue grafting for mucogingival procedures around teeth. A total of 1209 records were initially identified, with 13 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Data was extracted and assessed for bias. Results: Graft dimension in terms of thickness was generally higher for tuberosity grafts (2.9 ± 0.5 mm) compared to palatal grafts (2.3 ± 0.6 mm). Tuberosity grafts demonstrate less volume changes in buccolingual thickness. One study reported decreased postoperative pain for tuberosity compared to palate donor sites. Risk of bias assessment using ROB 2 and ROBINS-I tools showed that most included studies exhibited low risk across key domains. Among randomized trials, two studies raised some concerns due to limitations in blinding and allocation concealment. Non-randomized studies showed a moderate risk primarily in confounding and outcome measurement, consistent with inherent observational design limitations. Conclusions: The palate remains a well-established and reliable source of soft tissue grafts. Limited evidence from a single short-term comparative clinical study suggests that tuberosity may offer potential advantages, such as greater graft thickness, reduced volume changes, and less postoperative discomfort. However, the comparative evidence between tuberosity and palatal donor sites is derived from a single short-term study and conclusions must therefore be interpreted with caution. Standardized clinical trials with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm these observations. Clinical Relevance: This review provides clinicians with a preliminary evidence-based perspective into the use of tuberosity as a donor site for soft tissue grafting, an area with limited published data, and highlights its potential to enhance patient outcomes and comfort in mucogingival surgery and emphasizing the need for further research in this area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations and Challenges in Dental Implantology)

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16 pages, 3617 KB

Open AccessArticle

Thermochemical Characterization of Coconut Husk, Rice Husk, and Mineral Coal: A Comparative Assessment for Energy Applications

by Stiven J. Sofán-Germán, Fabio L. Acuña-Izquierdo, Jesús D. Rhenals-Julio, Karen P. Cacua Madero and Jorge M. Mendoza-Fandiño

Biomass 2025, 5(4), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass5040077 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study provides a comparative thermochemical analysis of coconut husk, rice husk and mineral coal, assessing their potential for use in sustainable energy applications. Standardised proximate and ultimate analyses, thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) evaluations and combustibility index measurements were performed under identical laboratory conditions to [...] Read more.

This study provides a comparative thermochemical analysis of coconut husk, rice husk and mineral coal, assessing their potential for use in sustainable energy applications. Standardised proximate and ultimate analyses, thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) evaluations and combustibility index measurements were performed under identical laboratory conditions to ensure consistent comparisons could be made. Coconut husk exhibited the lowest ignition temperature (320.88 °C) and the highest combustibility index (2.385). This indicates its suitability for rapid combustion and biochar production. Its low ash and sulphur content enhances its environmental performance. Rice husk demonstrated moderate thermal behaviour and a high ash yield owing to its elevated silica content, suggesting greater potential for non-energy applications, such as silica recovery and advanced materials production. Mineral coal displayed the highest carbon content and calorific value (24.38 MJ/kg), reflecting high energy density, but also a considerable sulphur content that raises environmental concerns. Unlike many studies that address these materials separately, this work provides a direct, side-by-side comparison under controlled conditions. This offers practical insights for selecting materials in energy systems. The results reinforce the potential of agro-industrial residues in cleaner energy strategies, while emphasising the need for emission control measures when using fossil fuels. Full article

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15 pages, 2990 KB

Open AccessArticle

Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of Mass-Selected Heteronuclear Iron–Rhodium and Iron–Iridium Carbonyl Cluster Cations

by Jin Hu and Xuefeng Wang

Molecules 2025, 30(23), 4619; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30234619 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Heterobimetallic iron–group 9 carbonyl cations, FeM(CO)_n⁺ (M = Rh, Ir; n = 9–11), were generated in the gas phase via pulsed laser vaporization within a supersonic expansion and characterized by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the carbonyl stretching region. By combining experimental [...] Read more.

Heterobimetallic iron–group 9 carbonyl cations, FeM(CO)_n⁺ (M = Rh, Ir; n = 9–11), were generated in the gas phase via pulsed laser vaporization within a supersonic expansion and characterized by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the carbonyl stretching region. By combining experimental spectra with density functional theory simulations, the geometric and electronic structures of these clusters were unambiguously assigned. Mass spectrometry and photodissociation results identified FeM(CO)₉⁺ as the saturated species for M = Rh and Ir, in contrast to the lighter cobalt analog FeCo(CO)₈⁺. The FeM(CO)₉⁺ cations adopt a C_4v-symmetric singlet ground-state structure with all carbonyl ligands terminally bound, corresponding to a (OC)₅Fe–M(CO)₄ configuration. These complexes can be formally described as combination products of the stable neutral Fe(CO)₅ and cationic M(CO)₄⁺ fragments. Analyses based on canonical molecular orbitals, Mayer bond orders, and fragment-based correlation diagrams reveal the presence of a dative Fe→M interaction in FeM(CO)₉⁺, which formally enables the heavier Rh/Ir metal center to attain an 18-electron configuration. However, this bond is weaker than a typical covalent single bond, as the key molecular orbitals involved possess antibonding character. This study provides important insights into the structure and bonding of heteronuclear transition metal carbonyl clusters, highlighting distinctive coordination behavior between late 3d and heavier 4d/5d congeners. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Chemistry)

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18 pages, 3195 KB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Dynamic Voltage Stability of Wind Farm Based Microgrids Using FACTS Devices and Flexible Control Strategy

by Huzaifah Zahid, Muhammad Rashad and Naveed Ashraf

Wind 2025, 5(4), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/wind5040034 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Voltage instability and power quality degradation represent critical barriers to the reliable operation of modern wind farm-based microgrids. As the share of distributed wind generation continues to grow, fluctuating wind speeds and variable reactive power demands increasingly challenge grid stability. This study proposes [...] Read more.

Voltage instability and power quality degradation represent critical barriers to the reliable operation of modern wind farm-based microgrids. As the share of distributed wind generation continues to grow, fluctuating wind speeds and variable reactive power demands increasingly challenge grid stability. This study proposes an adaptive decentralized framework integrating a Dynamic Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) with an Artificial Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)-based control strategy to enhance dynamic voltage and frequency stability in wind farm microgrids. Unlike conventional centralized STATCOM configurations, the proposed system employs parallel wind turbine modules that can be selectively switched based on voltage feedback to maintain optimal grid conditions. Each turbine is connected to a capacitive circuit for real-time voltage monitoring, while the ANFIS controller adaptively adjusts compensation signals to ensure minimal voltage deviation and reduced harmonic distortion. The framework was modeled and validated in the MATLAB/Simulink R2023a environment using the Simscape Power Systems toolbox. Simulation results demonstrated superior transient response, voltage recovery, and power factor correction compared with traditional PI and fuzzy-based controllers, achieving a total harmonic distortion below 2.5% and settling times under 0.5 s. The findings confirm that the proposed decentralized DSTATCOM–ANFIS approach provides an effective, scalable, and cost-efficient solution for maintaining dynamic stability and high power quality in wind farm based microgrids. Full article

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17 pages, 1127 KB

Open AccessArticle

Green, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Carvacrol-Rich Origanum dubium Extracts: A Multi-Response Optimization Toward High-Value Phenolic Recovery

by Magda Psichoudaki, Yiannis Sarigiannis and Evroula Hapeshi

Molecules 2025, 30(23), 4620; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30234620 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Origanum dubium, mainly grown in the Mediterranean region, is one of the less extensively studied species among the oregano class. Oregano species are recognized for their significant pharmaceutical properties, primarily attributed to carvacrol and other phenolic compounds. The goal of this study was [...] Read more.

Origanum dubium, mainly grown in the Mediterranean region, is one of the less extensively studied species among the oregano class. Oregano species are recognized for their significant pharmaceutical properties, primarily attributed to carvacrol and other phenolic compounds. The goal of this study was to establish a sustainable method for the extraction of carvacrol, total phenolic, and total flavonoid compounds (TPC and TFC, respectively). Pulse-mode ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UPAE) was employed, using ethanol–water mixtures as green solvents, for the extraction of the bioactive compounds from the plant material. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) coupled with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the extraction process with respect to the extraction temperature, extraction time, ethanol-to-water ratio of the solvent and power amplitude of the ultrasonic processor. The responses of carvacrol (determined by HPLC-PDA), TPC, and TFC (determined by spectrometric methods) were evaluated by RSM. The statistical model identified the optimal extraction conditions, which were a combination of increased extraction temperature (70 °C) for 26 min with an intermediate ethanol–water ratio (60%) at the maximum processor’s power amplitude (100%). These conditions led to the optimal response of the three measured parameters. The optimized parameters represent a green and efficient approach to obtain bioactive-enriched extracts from Origanum dubium, suitable for potential applications in functional foods, preservatives, or other applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Analytical Approaches for the Isolation and Characterization of Drugs, Metabolites and Natural Bioactive Compounds)

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17 pages, 1004 KB

Open AccessArticle

Incorporation of Microsatellite Instability and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Opisthorchis viverrini-Associated Cholangiocarcinoma: Predicting Patient Outcomes

by Natcha Khuntikeo, Apiwat Jareanrat, Vasin Thanasukarn, Tharatip Srisuk, Vor Luvira, Watcharin Loilome, Poramate Klanrit, Anchalee Techasen, Jarin Chindaprasirt, Prakasit Sa-Ngiamwibool, Chaiwat Aphivatanasiri, Sureerat Padthaisong, Piya Prajumwongs and Attapol Titapun

J. Mol. Pathol. 2025, 6(4), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmp6040030 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has the highest incidence in Northeastern Thailand, where patients generally present with late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection is the major cause of CCA, with oxidative stress driving DNA mutations and genetic instability. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is [...] Read more.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has the highest incidence in Northeastern Thailand, where patients generally present with late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection is the major cause of CCA, with oxidative stress driving DNA mutations and genetic instability. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a predictive biomarker in several cancers. This study aimed to investigate MSI status and its association with clinicopathological features and survival of CCA patients. Methods: Tissue and serum samples were collected from 25 surgical CCA patients. MSI status and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins were evaluated using an MSI scanner and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Serum OV IgG was assessed by ELISA, while tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated by two pathologists. Associations of MSI with clinicopathological features, OV status, MMR, and survival were analyzed. Results: Among CCA patients, 66.7% were MSI-high and 33.3% were MSI-low. MSI-high significantly correlated with age < 57 years, intraductal growth pattern, OV positivity, and early-stage disease. Patients with MSI-high and high TILs showed markedly improved median survival compared to MSI-low with low TILs (94.0 vs. 16.8 and 3.0 months; HR = 6.82 and 14.10; p = 0.004 and 0.001). Incorporation of MSI and TILs remained an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). Conclusions: MSI-high is highly prevalent in OV-associated CCA and is associated with intraductal growth, OV infection, and early-stage disease. Combined MSI and TIL status may serve as an independent prognostic factor, warranting validation in larger cohorts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Cancer Diagnosis: Integrating Molecular Pathology into Histopathology for Solid Tumors)

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15 pages, 3411 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Prevalence and Malignancy Risk of Breast Incidental Uptake Detected by PET/CT with Different Radiopharmaceuticals: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Cesare Michele Iacovitti, Andreea Marin, Slavko Tasevski, Chiara Martinello, Marco Cuzzocrea, Gaetano Paone, Alessio Rizzo, Domenico Albano and Giorgio Treglia

Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(12), 1831; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18121831 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background: Meta-analyses on the prevalence and clinical significance of breast incidental uptake (BIU) at PET/CT are available only for [¹⁸F]FDG, showing that BIU is rare but malignant in a substantial proportion of cases. This study aimed to update the pooled prevalence [...] Read more.

Background: Meta-analyses on the prevalence and clinical significance of breast incidental uptake (BIU) at PET/CT are available only for [¹⁸F]FDG, showing that BIU is rare but malignant in a substantial proportion of cases. This study aimed to update the pooled prevalence and malignancy risk of BIU using different PET radiotracers, expanding [¹⁸F]FDG-based evidence. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of studies on BIU was carried out in two bibliographic databases, and the literature was screened up to 25 May 2025. Only original articles reporting BIU were selected. A proportion meta-analysis was conducted on a patient-based analysis using a random-effects model to estimate pooled prevalence, malignancy rate, and histological distribution. Results: In total, 29 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. PET/CT was performed using [¹⁸F]FDG (n = 25), radiolabeled somatostatin analogues (SSAs) (n = 3), or [¹⁸F]fluorocholine (n = 1). The pooled prevalence of BIU was 0.5% for [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT, 3.4% for SSA PET/CT, and 2.6% for [¹⁸F]fluorocholine. The pooled malignancy rate among BIUs (female patients) was 33.5% for [¹⁸F]FDG, 86.4% for SSA, and 70% for [¹⁸F]fluorocholine PET/CT. Histological data were mainly available for [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT, showing ductal carcinoma as the most frequent malignant histotype (pooled value 42.2%) and fibroadenoma (pooled value 14.8%) as the most frequent benign histotype. Conclusions: Similar to the case for [¹⁸F]FDG, BIU using other PET radiopharmaceuticals is uncommon but often malignant. Therefore, BIU should prompt dedicated breast imaging and, when indicated, histopathological confirmation. Further well-designed studies are needed to clarify the clinical impact of BIU detection and the prevalence and clinical significance of BIU using tracers other than [¹⁸F]FDG. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Radiopharmaceutical Sciences)

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17 pages, 5867 KB

Open AccessArticle

Morphology and Updated Phylogeny Revealed Three New Species in Chlorencoelia (Cenangiaceae, Helotiales) from China

by Huan-Di Zheng and Wen-Ying Zhuang

J. Fungi 2025, 11(12), 855; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11120855 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies of Chlorencoelia in China revealed three novel species, which are described and illustrated as C. biguttulata, C. ellipsoidea, and C. sinensis. Chlorencoelia biguttulata is characterized by greyish green to blackish green hymenium surface, clavate tomentum [...] Read more.

Morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies of Chlorencoelia in China revealed three novel species, which are described and illustrated as C. biguttulata, C. ellipsoidea, and C. sinensis. Chlorencoelia biguttulata is characterized by greyish green to blackish green hymenium surface, clavate tomentum hyphae on receptacle surface, and inequilateral ellipsoidal ascospores having two large guttules and 8.5–14.5 × 3.5–4.5 μm. Chlorencoelia ellipsoidea differs from the known species by distinctly stipitate apothecia with a dark green hymenium surface and ellipsoidal ascospores 7.2–9.1 × 3.5–4.2 μm. Chlorencoelia sinensis is characterized by substipitate apothecia, blackish receptacle surface, and fusoidal ascospores 9–13.7 × 2.2–3.5 μm. Sequence analyses of the ITS region supported recognition of them as separate species. All three new species occurred on rotten wood in montane forests. Morphological features for species delimitation and diversity of Chlorencoelia are discussed. An identification key to the known species of the genus is provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ascomycota: Diversity, Taxonomy and Phylogeny, 3rd Edition)

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23 pages, 3646 KB

Open AccessArticle

Upscaling the Production of Polyethylene-Based Precursor Fibres for Carbon Fibre Manufacturing: Challenges and Solutions

by Jannis Langer, Flávio A. Marter Diniz, Tim Röding, Remi Mahfouz and Thomas Gries

J. Compos. Sci. 2025, 9(12), 653; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9120653 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

On the road to developing more sustainable and cost-efficient carbon fibres (CFs), replacing the conventional polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor with polyethylene (PE) is a promising alternative. Yet most PE-CF studies focus on fibre properties at laboratory or pilot scale and largely overlook scalability—especially in [...] Read more.

On the road to developing more sustainable and cost-efficient carbon fibres (CFs), replacing the conventional polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor with polyethylene (PE) is a promising alternative. Yet most PE-CF studies focus on fibre properties at laboratory or pilot scale and largely overlook scalability—especially in melt-spinning, where precursor filament counts have typically been limited to 32–100, far below industrial CF tows (1000–48,000). This study addresses that gap by (i) modifying a staple-fibre melt-spinning line (MSFP) to directly produce a 10,000-filament PE precursor and (ii) demonstrating inline filament merging on an industrial yarn (IDY) plant at Institut für Textiltechnik (ITA) as a pragmatic scale-up route. Direct 10 k spinning proved technically feasible but did not meet convertibility targets owing to inhomogeneous extrusion and quench: the MSFP precursor showed 18.1 ± 2.0 µm filament diameter, 21.9 ± 3.8 cN/tex tenacity and 130.8 ± 40.8% elongation (total solid draw ratio 2.02). In contrast, the IDY route delivered a fine and uniform precursor with a 9.43 ± 0.02 µm filament diameter, 38.42 ± 0.43 cN/tex tenacity, 15.91 ± 0.76% elongation, and 15.32 ± 1.16% shrinkage at 120 °C (total solid draw ratio 4.55). After discontinuous sulfonation, TGA indicated superior cross-linking of the IDY precursor (≈15% mass loss at 400–600 °C) versus MSFP (≈18%). Inline merging doubled filament count inline and small-scale plying enabled a 6 k tow. Transferring the IDY precursor into continuous sulfonation and carbonisation yielded PE-based CF with a filament diameter < 8.5 µm, tensile strength up to 2.0 GPa, tensile modulus up to 170 GPa, and elongation at break up to 1.75%, without surface defects. The results establish a clear scale-up roadmap: prioritise homogeneous fine-filament extrusion at low throughputs, co-develop segmented quench, and use a stepwise strategy (1–2 k filaments → inline merging → ≥6 k) to enable industrially relevant, cost-effective PE-based CF production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Composites)

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23 pages, 10819 KB

Open AccessArticle

Realization of a Gateway Device for Photovoltaic Application Using Open-Source Tools in a Virtualized Environment

by Emmanuel Luwaca and Senthil Krishnamurthy

Computers 2025, 14(12), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14120524 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Electronic communication and industrial protocols are critical to the reliable operation of modern electrical grids and Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). Communication loss between devices in renewable power plants can lead to significant revenue losses and jeopardize operational safety. While current control and automation [...] Read more.

Electronic communication and industrial protocols are critical to the reliable operation of modern electrical grids and Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). Communication loss between devices in renewable power plants can lead to significant revenue losses and jeopardize operational safety. While current control and automation systems for renewable plants are primarily based on the IEC 61131-3 standard, it lacks defined communication frameworks, leading most deployments to depend on Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)-specific protocols. The IEC 61499 standard, in contrast, offers a reference model for distributed automation systems, introducing Service Interface Function Blocks (SIFBs) and high-level communication abstractions that enable hardware-independent integration. This study proposes adopting the IEC 61499 standard for DER automation systems to enhance interoperability and flexibility among plant components. A photovoltaic power plant gateway is developed on a virtualized platform using open-source tools and libraries, including Python version 3, libmodbus version 3.1.7, and open62541 version 1 The implemented gateway successfully interfaces with industry-validated software applications, including UAExpert and Matrikon OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) clients, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of IEC 61499-based integration in DER environments. Full article

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18 pages, 581 KB

Open AccessArticle

Gender and Social Stratification in Active Aging: Inequalities in Sport Participation and Subjective Health Among Older Adults in South Korea

by Su Yeon Roh and Ik Young Chang

Healthcare 2025, 13(23), 3124; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13233124 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background: As South Korea transitions into a super-aged society, promoting sport participation among older adults is increasingly vital for physical health, emotional well-being, and social inclusion. Objective: This study examines how the interplay between gender and social stratification influence sport participation [...] Read more.

Background: As South Korea transitions into a super-aged society, promoting sport participation among older adults is increasingly vital for physical health, emotional well-being, and social inclusion. Objective: This study examines how the interplay between gender and social stratification influence sport participation and health among South Koreans aged 60 and above. Methods: Using data from the 2024 Korea National Sports Participation Survey (n = 1779), this study employed Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), cross-tabulation, and one-way ANOVA with Scheffé’s post hoc tests to examine differences in sport participation and health by gender and social stratification such as income, education, and occupation. Results: The analysis revealed significant differences in sport participation and subjective health outcomes by gender and social stratification. Among older men, sport participation varied strongly by socioeconomic status: higher-status men participated in golf, cycling, and bodybuilding, whereas those from lower strata mainly engaged in walking and gateball. In contrast, older women’s participation types were less stratified and more influenced by gender norms, with consistent involvement in walking, aerobics, yoga, and stretching. One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) in subjective health status and physical fitness by all socioeconomic variables for both genders. Conclusions: Older adults’ sport participation and health in South Korea are constrained by both socioeconomic inequality and entrenched gender norms. Promoting equitable active aging requires policies that both reduce socioeconomic barriers and challenge restrictive gender norms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Science and Health Promotion)

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19 pages, 1407 KB

Open AccessReview

Eyelid Malpositions and Ocular Surface Disease: Clinical Correlations and Management Strategies

by Francesco M. Quaranta Leoni, Nazareno Marabottini, Adriana Iuliano, Diego Strianese and Gustavo Savino

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(23), 8523; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14238523 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Eyelid retraction, cicatricial entropion, and deformities associated with facial nerve palsy are among the eyelid malpositions most detrimental to the ocular surface, as they cause exposure, tear film instability, inflammation, and potentially significant visual impairment. These conditions present major functional and esthetic challenges, [...] Read more.

Eyelid retraction, cicatricial entropion, and deformities associated with facial nerve palsy are among the eyelid malpositions most detrimental to the ocular surface, as they cause exposure, tear film instability, inflammation, and potentially significant visual impairment. These conditions present major functional and esthetic challenges, underscoring the need for a clear understanding of their mechanisms and management. A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar to identify English and non-English studies (with English abstracts) addressing eyelid malpositions related to thyroid eye disease, cicatricial processes, and facial nerve palsy. Screening and cross-referencing yielded 115 relevant publications. Studies were excluded if they lacked clinical relevance, did not address the target disorders, involved animals, consisted of insufficient case reports, lacked an English abstract, or were non–peer-reviewed or duplicated. Extracted information included patient demographics, clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, treatments, complications, and outcomes. In thyroid eye disease, eyelid retraction results from adrenergic overstimulation, increased Müller muscle tone, and fibrosis involving the levator–superior rectus complex. Temporary improvement may be achieved with botulinum toxin, corticosteroids, or soft-tissue fillers, whereas sustained correction requires individualized surgical approaches. Cicatricial entropion arises from posterior lamellar contraction caused by inflammatory or iatrogenic injury and is best treated with lamellar repositioning or grafting procedures. In facial nerve palsy, incomplete blinking, punctal malposition, and lacrimal pump dysfunction contribute to tearing and ocular surface instability; management prioritizes corneal protection, eyelid rebalancing, and adjunctive measures such as botulinum toxin or physiotherapy. Across all conditions, tailored, multidisciplinary care is essential to maintain ocular surface integrity, restore eyelid function, and preserve quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oculoplastic Surgery and Ocular Surface Diseases)

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19 pages, 3620 KB

Open AccessArticle

Integrated Oxygen Consumption Rate, Energy Metabolism, and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Heat Sensitivity of Wild Amur Grayling (Thymallus grubii) Under Acute Warming

by Cunhua Zhai, Ziyang Wang, Luye Bai and Bo Ma

Biology 2025, 14(12), 1718; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14121718 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Cold-water fish, particularly stenothermal species, are increasingly affected by rising temperatures driven by global warming. To explore the hepatic metabolism mode of Amur grayling under warming, Thymallus grubii was selected as the experimental model. Here, we measured the oxygen consumption rate (MO₂ [...] Read more.

Cold-water fish, particularly stenothermal species, are increasingly affected by rising temperatures driven by global warming. To explore the hepatic metabolism mode of Amur grayling under warming, Thymallus grubii was selected as the experimental model. Here, we measured the oxygen consumption rate (MO₂), energy metabolism enzymes, and transcription profiling in Thymallus grubii that was exposed to increased temperatures (9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 °C) with the same flow velocity (34 cm/s). In this study, MO₂ initially increased and then decreased with rising temperature, with peak sensitivity between 12 and 15 °C (Q₁₀ = 5.30). Hemoglobin increased significantly at 12–18 °C but decreased in the 18–24 °C group (p < 0.05). Additionally, hepatic glycogen content (the amount of stored sugar in the liver, which serves as an energy reserve) also first increased and then decreased markedly (p < 0.05). Lactic acid in plasma and muscle contents increased, but creatine phosphate and glucose levels significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The result of transcriptome analysis showed that individuals in the 15 °C group could supply energy through glucose and amino acid metabolism. In contrast, individuals under 21 °C exposure could mainly supply energy through the lipid metabolism pathway. Our study underscores the vulnerability of Amur grayling to environmental temperature and identifies the instantaneous metabolic limit range, providing numerical limits (e.g., maximum river temperature) that managers can use to protect wild populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Environment, and Fish Physiology)

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16 pages, 2437 KB

Open AccessArticle

Antifungal Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Y48 Postbiotics Combined with Potassium Sorbate in Bread

by Yasemin Kaya, Sevda Dere, Fatih Bozkurt, Dilara Devecioglu, Funda Karbancioglu-Guler, Mustafa Sengul and Enes Dertli

Fermentation 2025, 11(12), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11120675 (registering DOI) - 1 Dec 2025

Abstract

Mycotoxigenic molds pose a threat to human health and cause economic losses in bread production. To address this issue, postbiotics have emerged as promising natural bioprotective agents due to their antifungal properties. In this study, postbiotics were obtained from Lactiplantibacillus (Lp.) plantarum Y48, [...] Read more.

Mycotoxigenic molds pose a threat to human health and cause economic losses in bread production. To address this issue, postbiotics have emerged as promising natural bioprotective agents due to their antifungal properties. In this study, postbiotics were obtained from Lactiplantibacillus (Lp.) plantarum Y48, Liquorilactobacillus (Lq.) hordei SK-6, and Lp. plantarum VB-29 strains and subsequently lyophilized. The functional groups of the bioactive components in these postbiotics were identified using FTIR spectroscopy. Samples extracted with different solvents were analyzed for their volatile compound profiles by GC-MS, and the results were compared using principal component analysis (PCA). The antifungal activities of postbiotics were tested. Subsequently, the antifungal activity of Lp. plantarum Y48 postbiotic was evaluated on bread contaminated with Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum. The postbiotic was incorporated into the bread formulation both alone and in combination with potassium sorbate, and it was also applied to the bread surface as a spray. Notably, the formulation containing 3% postbiotic + 0.1% potassium sorbate completely inhibited the growth of A. niger and P. expansum. These results indicate that the combined use of Lp. plantarum Y48 postbiotic and potassium sorbate can effectively prevent mold growth in bread and holds potential as a natural bioprotective approach in food preservation applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Perspectives on Microbiota of Fermented Foods, 2nd Edition)

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